Assessment of pearl millet production problems in west. Some pathology research on the maximum humidity level of the sorghum in pics sacks for seed production. This is not one of those business ventures you get into to get rich overnight but if. With an internationally recognized editorial team, this new edition covers, in detail, the history, breeding, production, grain chemistry, nutritional quality and. Cultivars of millets pearl millet, tifleaf i, ii, and iii are all pennisetum americanum japanese millet echinochloa crusgalli var.
Barnyard millet, crop management, drought stress, finger millet, foxtail millet, genetic resources, growth and development, kodo millet, proso millet, sorghum. This fouryear study based on two experiments assessed different lowcost methods for intensification of sorghum and millet production under contrasting rainfall conditions in mali. Besides fodder, millets are storehouses of nutrition and hence produce nutrition security. This manual includes a twostage approach to introducing farmers to using. Prasad and others published growth and production of sorghum and millets find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Dap is much more effective than npk and farmers want it. Improvements in production, availability, storage, utilization and consumption of these food crops will significantly contribute to the household food security and nutrition of the inhabitants of these areas. Production, management, and utilization practices are the same as for sorghum sudan hybrids. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. With an internationally recognized editorial team, this new edition covers, in detail, the history, breeding, production, grain chemistry, nutritional quality and handling of sorghum and millets. Millet general information proso millet, panicum miliaceum l. Cereals like sorghum, millets, wheat, maize and rice are major staple foods of.
The mentioned counties are also the largest producing ones, with phillips ranking. Pdf growth and production of sorghum and millets researchgate. For thousands of years, millet farms have been growing a range of millets such as sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, proso millet, barnyard millet alongside. Sustainable intensification of sorghum and pearl millet. Both millet and sorghum tend to be more reliable than other annual summer crops like brassicas or chicory when soil water is limited. As nouns the difference between sorghum and millet is that sorghum is a cereal, taxlink or taxlink, the grains of which are used to make flour and as cattle feed while millet is any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food or millet can be historical a semiautonomous confessional community under the ottoman empire, especially a non. Sorghum and millet are grown in the cottoncereal production basins of mali and belong to traditional cottoncereal farming systems. The plant likely originated in africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food. Dec 08, 2014 the northern part of the country is almost 90% arid grassland, so there millet is a staple food, we have, as much as i know, about 5 species of millet, including fonio, sorghum and guinea corn, wheat, and corn being cultivated in that area. As opposed to most farmers practice of using the same variety, a tactical. Nov 06, 20 sorghum surghum bicolor introduction sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses. Millet and sorghum take center stage on farmers plates one. Sorghum and millet production in africa mainly occurs in the savannah zones in.
Some of these species have grown as cereals for human consumption and some in pastures for animals. It is still one of the most important grain crops grown for human consumption and animal feeding throughout the world. Millet accounts for 5% of the world cereal production when compared to wheat. Millet and sorghum showed signs of resistance to the maize disease and could also be ground into flour for ugali quickly. Prasad and others published growth and production of sorghum and millets find, read and cite all the research you need on. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents especially the steppes and savannah africa with its origin in northern africa. Recent studies suggest that the production of major commodities has declined since 1980 due to global warming lobell et al.
Kansas state university 148 waters hall manhattan, ks 66506. The latter is especially true in the more drought prone areas of south africa where this hardy crop provides better household food security than maize. Seed production procedures in sorghum and pearl millet. Pearl millet is a climate hardy crop which is grown in harsh conditions, but as a subsistence crop. Advantages more likely to attain a view organisation. Sorghum and the millets are tropical cereal grains. Millets area and production in africa relative to other regions of the world, 199294. Moench is an indigenous crop to africa, and though commercial needs and uses may change over time, sorghum will remain a basic staple food for many rural communities. Sorghum is mainly cultivated in drier areas, especially on shallow and heavy clay soils. Millet and sorghum samosas ingredients millet sorghum ginger peas green chili cumin seeds fresh coriander leave salt samosa filling method i. Harvested from an area of 20 m ha in the semiarid regions of africa pearl millet contributes. Following are the irrigations required in finger millet farming. Sorghum farming in kenya is an important agricultural activity in the economy. Sorghum is one of best millet crop for food and forage fodder for livestock.
Turkeys gained more weight on a diet of proso millet than on corn or sorghum, however broiler chickens did not. The sole crops are common in largescale production while the intercrops are. Sorghum is called millet in many parts of asia and africa, and broomcorn is called broom millet in australia. Francis counties saw their grain sorghum acreage increase between 72 and 177 percent as compared to the 2001 season. In addition, it is important to make use of the latest farming tips in order to work towards realizing maximum yields per acreage. In western india, sorghum called jowar, jola, jonnalu, jwaarie, or jondhahlaa in gujarati, kannada, telugu, hindi and marathi languages, respectively. It shares top billing with pearl millet in the drier zones and with maize in the wetter ones. Sorghum grain is gluten free and is a good substitute for. Forage sorghum and millet department of primary industries. Modified from 1 production of millets is still at subsistence level by smallholders 0.
The in vitro digestibility of bmr sorghum 642 g kg1 dry matter and pearl millet 726 g kg dry matter are. According to surveys conducted in 1992, less than 15% of sorghum growers and 5% of pearl millet table 2. Stems of the pearl millet are pithy, tiller freely and produce an inflorescence with a dense spikelike panicle about 35 to 56 cm long or 2cm or less in diameter. Pearl millet plant can up to 50 cm to 4m tall and it is capable to tiller in large amount under suitable growing conditions. Turkeys gained more weight on a diet of proso millet than on corn or sorghum. Global agriculture is facing the probable impact of global warming. For both millet and sorghum, planting dates were 23, 1112 and 34 july. In these countries dwarf hybrid varieties are grown and harvested mechanically, predominantly for livestock feed. Millet and sorghum take center stage on farmers plates. This provides very good staple food in highly populated countries in asia. Taylor et al 2006 expands on dicko et als findings by describing sorghum and millet as.
Understanding how the sorghum plant grows and develops will. Sorghum and millet are either grown as sole crops or intercropped with legumes see examples of these crops in photo 1. Sorghum and millets grow in harsh environments where other crops do not grow well. Strengthen farmers associations for sorghum and millet as marketing. Millets are major food sources in arid and semiarid regions of the world, and feature in the traditional cuisine of many others. The crop is grown in western, northern rift valley, eastern and some parts of central province. Sorghum and millet being drought tolerant have a strong adaptive advantage and lower risk of failure than other cereals in such environments. Finger millet farming ragi introduction of finger millet. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors to the area planted to sorghum and sorghum production. Lignin concentrations in brownmidrib bmr mutants are consistently lower than their normal counterparts in both sorghum by 21.
World is facing agrarian as well as nutritional challenges. The international crop research institute for the semiarid tropics icrisat estimates that more than 90 million people in africa and asia depend on millets in their diets, and 500 million people in more than 30 countries depend on sorghums as a staple food. Millet, like sorghum, is generally 9 to % protein, but large variations in protein content, from 6 to 21%, have been observed. The major areas of sorghum production are listed in table 1 fao, 1995. Plant description pearl millet pennisetum glaucum l. Given the uncertainty over the latest droughts impact in certain parts of the country, production estimates for corn, sorghum, and millet for my1718 octsep are being held steady.
The production of sorghum in south africa varies from 100 000 ton 00 ha to 180 000 ton 150 000 ha per annum. Sorghum and millet seed production agriculture india farm. Chemistry, technology and nutritional attributes, second edition, is a new, fully revised edition of this widely read book published by aacc international. Evaluation of crop performance and farmer preference for pearl millet varieties in tanzania e a letayo, h m saadan2,s 1 mndolwa3, s c cuptad, and e s monyos abstract this study was camed out to select an improved pearl millet variety acceptable to the farming community of tanzania, after comparison with farmers local kand race varieties llvs. Traditionally, sorghum was used as a grain to make flatbreads or rotis. Water efficieny mean for dry forage kg ha1 m3 for pearl millet, sorghum and corn under dryland conditions. These crops are nutritious and hardy, and offer farmers food security as well as income if sold as a cash crop. Root system the roots o f the sorghum plant can be divided into a primary and secondary root system. The world total production of millet grains at last count was 762712 metric tons and the top producer was india with an annual production of 334500 tons 43. This agfact will help in making good decisions on crop choice, growing the crop, efficient and safe grazing management, avoiding common pitfalls and making money from forage sorghum and millet. J evaluation of crop performance and farmer preference for. Sorghum farming can be a good investment although you really need to dedicate yourself to it in order to realize its returns.
Optimizing yield of improved varieties of millet and. Sorghum cultivation is widely distributed through out the country while pearl millet is mainly confined to the western and southern part of the. The 3030 project has a focus on increasing production and utilisation of homegrown feed, so the potential and some management aspects of millet and sorghum were evaluated in different. One species, sorghum bicolor, native to africa with many cultivated forms now, is an important crop worldwide, used for food as grain and in sorghum syrup or sorghum molasses, animal fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages, and biofuels. This demands a very fine seedbed and means that the farmers must work hard and long, both to prepare the land and to weed the young plants. In areas with uncertain and erratic rainfall sorghum is a preferred crop. The trade in sorghum is small compared with the major grains such as wheat, maize, barley and rice.
The crop is used for a variety of food products, and is even made into a type of beer. Due to constant changes in laws that regulate pesticide use, the reader is encouraged to contact the appropriate extension office for the most current information. Owing to low fertility, utilization of dry lands to produce sufficient quality grains is a big challenge. Sorghum is the fifth most important grain crop after maize, wheat, rice and barley. Historically, they have been cultivated in africa and eurasia to produce traditional products like porridges, flatbreads, beers and nonalcoholic beverages at smallscale. Optimizing yield of improved varieties of millet and sorghum under. Stems of the pearl millet are pithy, tiller freely and produce an inflorescence with a dense spikelike panicle about 35. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is one of the most important traditional cereal crops of the hotter and drier regions of the tropics and subtropics rao et al. Annual sorghum and pearl millet harvests 000 t in tanzanias main production regions 1, average, 199495 to 199697. Agricultural lands with irrigation facilities have been exploited to maximum, and hence we need to focus on dry lands to further increase grain production. Insure access to higher analysis inorganic fertilizer and regularly renew the. This dairy australia webpage and associated pdf introduces the use of millet and sorghum. Although millet production is only about 2% of the world cereal production, it is an important staple food crop in semiarid regions. Seed production procedures in sorghum and pearl millet s c gupta information bulletin no.
As rainfall levels decline and become more variable, the proportion of sorghum or pearl millet in the. Unlike maize, sorghum, or pearl milletall of which are planted at individual stands in a rough seedbedfinger millet is traditionally planted in africa by broadcasting its tiny seeds. Of all africas cereal grains, sorghum is the most important. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed. Sorghum, sorghum bicolor, also called great millet, indian millet, milo, durra, orshallu, cereal grain plant of the grass family and its edible starchy seeds. Grain sorghum acreage expanded in most of the traditional grain sorghum producing counties in 2002. Few farmers have invested in improving the management of their sorghum or pearl millet crops. Finger millet farming ragi information guide agri farming.
If rains are favorable, maize offers higher yields. The following advantages and disadvantages are outlined. In contrast, production of wheat and barley, which is largely grown in areas unaffected by. Commercialization prospects for sorghum and pearl millet. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Production levels in south africa the sorghum farming community in south africa can conveniently be divided into the smallholder and commercial farmers owing to the di fferences. Just how viable is sorghum farming as an investment. Sorghum is the second most important cereal after maize with 22% of total cereal area. If rains are poor, sorghum or pearl millet assures at least a minimum quantity of food production necessary to avoid starvation. It is essential that producers know the crop they are cultivating in order to develop the most effective production practices. For both millet and sorghum, planting dates were 23, 1112 and 34 july in 2012, 20 and 2014, respectively. It has about 30 species of which sorghum bicolor is the most widely grown because of continue reading.
It is not uncommon to see a sorghum millet intercrop too. Total area and production of finger millet and sorghum in uganda fig 2. Sorghum is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family poaceae, which includes about 25 species. Sorghum and millet for livestock production the productivity of napier grass elephant grass, a basal forage in smallholder dairy production systems in uganda is affected by pests and diseases such as napier stunt and smut diseases and improper agronomic practices. Pdf nutritional and health benefits of sorghum and millets. Kansas state universityhays agricultural research center. Millets as climate change compliant crops score highly over other grains. More demonstrations of the pics sacks for grain storage.
Aug 11, 2016 sorghum farming can be a good investment although you really need to dedicate yourself to it in order to realize its returns. Being hosts to diverse crops such as red gram, millet fields also produce fuelwood and fibre through amaranth. Millet is a principal source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for millions of the poorest people in the regions where it is cultivated. The other farmers met were all located in the sekhukhune district see maps p. Contents introduction 1 seed production of openpollinated varieties 2 pearl millet 2 sorghum 4 hybrid seed production sorghum and pearl millet 6 identification of potential hybrid parents a,b and rlines 6.
Development of sorghum and millet production systems in. Assessment of pearl millet production problems in west africa and molecular diversity analysis of pearl millet parental lines lead institution. In the medak district of andhra pradesh in india, the poorest and most marginalized. Sorghum could contribute more to food supplies than at present, especially to those regions and peoples in greatest need. Mix sorghum and wheat flour together then add salty water to make dough. Pdf sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia.
Baker, extension agronomist the term millet is applied to various grass crops whose seeds are harvested for human food or animal feed. Sorghum pusa 6 cut pusa sorghum 9 one of the two possible sorghum pusa 23 two cutting sorghum pusa 615 sorghum cut pusa 1003 one of the two possible millet seed production technology millet production in india is an important place. Sorghum and pearl millet are the most important stable crops in the drylands of west africa. Millets and sorghum are grains that are nutrientrich, droughttolerant crops and can support communities around the world. Millet has been a staple grain in africa for centuries, and is easily digested because it is high in alkaline minerals and counteracts acids. Millet production is generally limited to fields with low soil fertility and poor rainfall conditions. Certainly, broadleaf weed control may be needed at earlier or later times. Ipim development of sorghum and millet production systems in. Sorghum, apart from being a subsistence crop, is an important commercial and export crop for the united states of america, australia, and argentina.